Intermediate18 min read· Topic 5.2

Message queue patterns

Point-to-point, pub/sub, request-reply, dead letter queues, priority & delayed queues

📬Key Takeaways

  • 1
    Point-to-point: one producer, one consumer per message (task queues, job processing)
  • 2
    Pub/Sub: one message delivered to all subscribers (event broadcasting, notifications)
  • 3
    Dead Letter Queue (DLQ): failed messages are moved to a separate queue for investigation
  • 4
    Priority and delayed queues enable scheduling and importance-based processing

Core Messaging Patterns

Message queues support different delivery patterns depending on whether a message should be processed by one consumer (competing consumers) or broadcast to all consumers (pub/sub). Understanding these patterns is critical for designing event-driven architectures.

Messaging Patterns

Each message is consumed by exactly one consumer. Multiple consumers compete for messages (competing consumers pattern).

Use case: Task/job queues (image processing, email sending). Each job should be processed exactly once.

Examples: SQS queues, RabbitMQ queues, Celery tasks.

Advantages

  • Flexible patterns for different use cases
  • DLQ prevents message loss
  • Fan-out enables event-driven architecture

Disadvantages

  • Choosing the wrong pattern leads to data inconsistency
  • Pub/Sub can create message storms
  • Request-reply adds complexity

🧪 Test Your Understanding

Knowledge Check1/1

When should you use Pub/Sub instead of Point-to-Point?